One million sexually transmitted infections every day with an annual incidence of 340 million cases in subjects belonging to the age group 15-49 years. In Italy, where Sexually transmitted diseases (MTS) are under surveillance National Institutes of Health surveillance systemreport new 4 thousand cases every year. Alarming and growing data: since 1991 it has been highlighted 140,874 new casesbut if the number remained stable until 2004, reports have increased by 41.8% since 2005 compared to the period 1991-2004. This is what emerged during the Congress “The New Face of Dermatology 4.0” organized by the Federico II University of Naples, which focused on dermatological diseases, including skin mycosis as well as sexually transmitted infections.
“The reasons for the higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections are numerous and complex, not least the greater mobility of the population, which contributes to the faster spread of infectious agents. Prevention is essential, especially during adolescence, to reduce the risk of contracting diseases such as syphilis, HIV infection, and condylomatosis. Need to be encouraged prevention in schools, raising awareness among young people correct lifestyle and habits in behavior and relationshipsincreasing the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections,” explains prof. Gabriella FabbrochiniDirector of the UOC of Clinical Dermatology at the Federico II University of Naples.
Not only HIV
Sexually transmitted infections and diseases are thirty, represent one of the most serious public health problems in the world, and their prevalence is constantly and progressively increasing. Among the most common chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, anogenital warts and genital herpes. Diseases whose incidence continues to rise especially affects me very young people between 15 and 24 and women. Some sexually transmitted diseases, such as infection papilloma virus HPV or one of HIV they do not appear immediately after infection. Instead, others such as gonorrhea or syphilis, have a short incubation time, so if they are recognized in time, they can be treated quickly. This is a very important factor as it reduces the infectivity of the patient and limits infections. However, many of these infections recur and tend to reappear in the same person or, especially those that are asymptomatic or with vague symptoms, often go undiagnosed or are mistaken for other diseases, causing easy spread.
New emergency
Diseases such as syphilis, gonorrheaand venereal lymphogranuloma, which from the 1970s until 2000 showed a decline in the number of cases that were on the verge of extinction, both in the United States and in Western Europe, show a sudden increase in the incidence in Europe and to some extent also in Italy, especially in large metropolitan areas. “These current new emergencies are being attributed to sudden changes in the sexual behavior of the population, such as increased use of risky sexual practices and less and less condom use, even among those known to be infected with HIV. The fight and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases present today priority public health goalsand also considering the many complications that these infections can cause in the male and female reproductive system,” continues Professor Fabbrochini..
papilloma virus
In recent years, there has been a gradual and steady increase in the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Papillomavirus (HPV)in sexually active girls age less than 25 years The prevalence of HPV is about twenty%. Genital HPV infections are characterized by clinical manifestations ranging from benign lesions, which in most cases resolve within 6/24 months by the immune system, to malignant forms such as cervical cancer, which are promoted by significant infection.
Prevention
An effective weapon against papillomavirus is vaccine is able to retain the two most common types of HPV responsible for the majority of cervical cancers (HPV16 and HPV18), as well as other, less frequent ones. in Italy the vaccine is recommended and offered free of charge to girls (since 2007) and boys (since 2018) at age twelve. before they become sexually active and at risk of infection. In recent years, some regions have extended the offer to other age groups. Men also benefit from vaccination because they are protected from warts anogenital and some infectious cancers such as those of the penis, anus, and base of the tongue.
Skin mycoses: new methods of diagnosis and treatment
In recent years, even skin mycosis growing growth was observed. surface forms they are the most common, but are often observed deep forms or atypical. Despite scientific advances, these pathologies are still associated with problems of diagnosis and, consequently, treatment. “Knowledge of new diagnostic methods, type and method of biological sampling, which, if properly performed, can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the subsequent analytical procedure, are among the main objectives of the course. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize therapeutic strategies, improve knowledge regarding mycology and ITS, as well as diagnostic capabilities, in order to provide practical guidance for a correct diagnostic basis and targeted therapy selection,” concludes Gabriella Fabbrochini.
Source: Elle