House, car or vacation. Many times, access to these products and services requires a mortgage or loan. For this reason, the Spaniards resort to banks and credit institutions in order to borrow money and thus be able to use it all. According to a report by the Center for Risk Information (CIR), in 2022 The number of holders or borrowers who had loans from credit institutions and HIS amounted to 21.6 million people, which is 4.3% more than in 2021. Of these, 20.9 million were residents of Spain, an increase of 3.4%. Compared to 2017, the first year for which the Bank of Spain offers in-memory data, the number of reported transactions increased by 15.9% in 2022, and the amount of total risk increased by 24.4%.

by headings, households represented 89.1% of transactions reported in the CIR, although in terms of risks they accounted for only 41.4%. Notably, 11.3% of resident individuals had loans from three or more financial institutions.with a sample risk sum of 22.3%, i.e. with a cost 4,411.6 million euros. The vast majority of Spaniards, almost 66%, had loans in one legal entity. The report from the Bank of Spain indicated that its risk participation was proportionately lower, at 46.9%. 24.1% of holders worked with two organizations with a risk of 30.8%.

In terms of funding received by resident individuals, the distribution of holders by gender is relatively balanced, with women accounting for 46.7%. In terms of the amount of risk, the composition is very similar: loans owned by women account for 45.4%. Closer examination reveals that these gender compositions largely persist across all ages.

The central age groups from 35 to 65 years old are the most numerous both in terms of the number of holders, about 70%, and in terms of willingness to take risks, 83%. There are two distinct behaviors in this age group: people aged 35 to 55 and the oldest, who are at comparatively lower risks.

Non-financial corporations registered 5.1 million transactions, which accounted for 10.8% of the total., but 31.1% of the total risks are concentrated in them. Finally, financial institutions and general government sectors registered 22.5% and 4.8%, respectively, of the amount of loans from resident sectors.

When it comes to diversifying company funding sources, there is also an important size dichotomy. 60.2% of non-financial resident corporations had loans from a single person, representing 17.2% of the risk incurred. Instead of, 3.3% of non-financial corporations worked with six or more organizationsalthough in terms of the number of operations and the amount of development, they amounted to 27% and 44.9% of the total, respectively.

Risks of loans with ICO guarantee

The Bank of Spain is collecting information on the risk associated with the lines of guarantees provided by the Spanish state as a result of the health crisis caused by Covid-19. So, 15.6% of operations declared in the CIR of companies, which is 14.4% of the financing of this sector, received these guarantees in December 2022.

By sectors of activity, the largest volume of guaranteed risks accumulated artistic, recreational and entertainment activities and trade – 32.5% and 23.9%, respectively, followed by the hotel business – 20.2%.

The Bank of Spain also indicates that 7.3% of guaranteed amounts were classified as “doubtful” compared to 3.7% in 2021, and 19.6% were considered “normal under special supervision” compared to 19.4% in the previous year. .

However, the supervisory authority reminds that this portfolio of loans guaranteed by ICO is “closed”, as no new operations are introduced, and only old ones are amortized. This, together with the sectoral distribution, explains part of the increase in bad debts seen last year.